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Anuria

2016-02-15T18:55:10Z

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2016-02-15T18:52:06Z

Emwiki: /* 1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
[[Hypothermia|1.1.1 Hypothermia]] 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 [[Apnea]] 
1.1.6 [[Tachypnea]] 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 

==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp_Examination|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-02-15T18:51:20Z

Emwiki: /* 1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
[[Hypothermia|1.1.1 Hypothermia]] 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 [[Apnea]] 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 

==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp_Examination|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

Hypothermia

2016-02-04T15:38:21Z

Emwiki:

http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/

[http://emcrit.org/?powerpress_embed=3166-podcast&powerpress_player=mediaelement-audio EMCrit Podcast]

http://foamcast.org/tag/hypothermia-in-emergency-medicine/

Hypothermia

2016-02-04T15:34:22Z

Emwiki:

http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/

[[http://emcrit.org/?powerpress_embed=3166-podcast&powerpress_player=mediaelement-audio|EMCrit Podcast]]

http://foamcast.org/tag/hypothermia-in-emergency-medicine/

Hypothermia

2016-02-04T15:33:55Z

Emwiki:

http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/

[[EMCrit Podcast|http://emcrit.org/?powerpress_embed=3166-podcast&powerpress_player=mediaelement-audio]]

http://foamcast.org/tag/hypothermia-in-emergency-medicine/

Hypothermia

2016-02-04T15:33:27Z

Emwiki:

http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/

[http://emcrit.org/?powerpress_embed=3166-podcast&powerpress_player=mediaelement-audio]

http://foamcast.org/tag/hypothermia-in-emergency-medicine/

Hypothermia

2016-02-04T15:31:55Z

Emwiki: Created page with "http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/ <iframe width="320" height="30" src="http://emcrit.org/?powerpress_embed=3166-podcast&powerpress_player=mediaelem..."

http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/
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http://foamcast.org/tag/hypothermia-in-emergency-medicine/

2016-02-04T15:29:14Z

Emwiki: /* 1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
[[Hypothermia|1.1.1 Hypothermia]] 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 

==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp_Examination|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-02-04T15:26:20Z

Emwiki: /* 1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
[[1.1.1 Hypothermia]] 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 

==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp_Examination|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-30T15:01:22Z

Emwiki: /* 19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp_Examination|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

Slit Lamp

2016-01-30T15:00:43Z

Emwiki: Emwiki moved page Slit Lamp to Slit Lamp Examination

#REDIRECT [[Slit Lamp Examination]]

Slit Lamp Examination

2016-01-30T15:00:43Z

Emwiki: Emwiki moved page Slit Lamp to Slit Lamp Examination

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0qqwJIKQlY&noredirect=1

2016-01-30T14:59:28Z

Emwiki: /* 19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
[[Slit_Lamp|19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination]] 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 

==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

Slit Lamp Examination

2016-01-30T14:58:50Z

Emwiki: Created page with "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0qqwJIKQlY&noredirect=1"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0qqwJIKQlY&noredirect=1

2016-01-28T13:33:57Z

Emwiki: /* 7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS */

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
[[Peritonsillar_Abscess|7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess]] 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 

==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 
==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

Peritonsillar Abscess

2016-01-28T13:32:40Z

Emwiki: Created page with "http://coreem.net/procedures/drainage-of-a-peritonsillar-abscess/"

http://coreem.net/procedures/drainage-of-a-peritonsillar-abscess/

Tachycardia

2016-01-26T23:03:49Z

Emwiki:

https://www.wikem.org/wiki/ACLS:_Tachycardia

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/sinus-tachycardia/

http://www.ems12lead.com/2013/04/30/the-trouble-with-sinus-tachycardia/

http://www.ems12lead.com/2015/12/26/12-rhythms-of-christmas-sinus-tach/

Tachycardia

2016-01-26T23:02:57Z

Emwiki:

https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/sinus-tachycardia/

http://www.ems12lead.com/2013/04/30/the-trouble-with-sinus-tachycardia/

http://www.ems12lead.com/2015/12/26/12-rhythms-of-christmas-sinus-tach/

2016-01-26T23:02:11Z

Emwiki:

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
[[Tachycardia|1.1.4 Tachycardia]] 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 
==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 
==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2016-01-26T22:49:36Z

Tachycardia

2016-01-26T22:42:55Z

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2016-01-26T20:41:33Z

Emwiki:

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS==
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
1.1.4 Tachycardia 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS==
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS==
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS==
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS==
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS==
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS==
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 
==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS==
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS==
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS==
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)==
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS==
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY==
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS==
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS==
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS==
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS==
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS==
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 
==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE==
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-26T20:39:50Z

Emwiki:

==1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS== 
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
1.1.4 Tachycardia 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
==2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS== 
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
==3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS== 
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
==4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS== 
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
==5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS== 
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
==6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS== 
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
==7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS== 
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 
==8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS== 
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
==9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS== 
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
==10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS== 
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
==11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)== 
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
==12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS== 
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
==13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY== 
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
==14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS== 
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
==15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS== 
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
==16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS== 
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
==17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS== 
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
==18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS== 
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
==19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE== 
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 
==20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE== 
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
20.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-26T20:35:39Z

Emwiki:

1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS 
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 
1.1.1 Hypothermia 
1.1.2 Fever 
1.1.3 Bradycardia 
1.1.4 Tachycardia 
1.1.5 Apnea 
1.1.6 Tachypnea 
1.1.7 Hypoxia 
1.1.8 Hypotension 
1.1.9 Hypertension 
1.2 Pain 
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified) 
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3) 
1.2.3 Eye pain 
1.2.4 Chest pain 
1.2.5 Abdominal pain 
1.2.6 Pelvic pain 
1.2.7 Back pain 
1.3 General 
1.3.1 Altered mental status 
1.3.2 Anuria 
1.3.3 Anxiety 
1.3.4 Ascites 
1.3.5 Ataxia 
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 
1.3.7 Bleeding 
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 
1.3.9 Constipation 
1.3.10 Cough 
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness 
1.3.12 Cyanosis 
1.3.13 Dehydration 
1.3.14 Diarrhea 
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 
1.3.16 Dysphagia 
1.3.17 Dysuria 
1.3.18 Edema 
1.3.19 Failure to thrive 
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise 
1.3.21 Feeding problems 
1.3.22 Hematemesis 
1.3.23 Hematuria 
1.3.24 Hemoptysis 
1.3.25 Hiccup 
1.3.26 Jaundice 
1.3.27 Joint swelling 
1.3.28 Lethargy 
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness 
1.3.30 Limp 
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy 
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications 
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting 
1.3.34 Occupational exposure 
1.3.35 Palpitations 
1.3.36 Paralysis 
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia 
1.3.38 Poisoning 
1.3.39 Pruritus 
1.3.40 Rash 
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding 
1.3.42 Shock 
1.3.43 Shortness of breath 
1.3.44 Sore throat 
1.3.45 Stridor 
1.3.46 Syncope 
1.3.47 Tinnitus 
1.3.48 Tremor 
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence 
1.3.50 Urinary retention 
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding 
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge 
1.3.53 Vertigo 
1.3.54 Visual disturbances 
1.3.55 Weakness 
1.3.56 Wheezing 
2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 
2.1 Abdominal Wall 
2.1.1 Hernias 
2.2 Esophagus 
2.2.1 Infectious disorders 
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7) 
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis 
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis 
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14) 
2.2.2.3.1 Acid 
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali 
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.2.3.1 Spasms 
2.2.4 Structural disorders 
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome 
2.2.4.2 Diverticula 
2.2.4.3 Foreign body 
2.2.4.4 Hernias 
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis 
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula 
2.2.4.8 Varices 
2.2.5 Tumors 
2.3 Liver 
2.3.1 Cirrhosis 
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic 
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive 
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced 
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure 
2.3.3 Infectious disorders 
2.3.3.1 Abscess 
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis 
2.3.3.2.1 Acute 
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic 
2.3.4 Tumors 
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract 
2.4.1 Cholangitis 
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis 
2.4.4 Tumors 
2.5 Pancreas 
2.5.1 Pancreatitis 
2.5.2 Tumors 
2.6 Peritoneum 
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 
2.7 Stomach 
2.7.1 Infectious disorders 
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.7.2.1 Gastritis 
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease 
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage 
2.7.3.2 Perforation 
2.7.4 Structural disorders 
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 
2.7.4.2 Foreign body 
2.7.5 Tumors 
2.8 Small Bowel 
2.8.1 Infectious disorders 
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.8.3.1 Obstruction 
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus 
2.8.4 Structural disorders 
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula 
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies 
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption 
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum 
2.8.5 Tumors 
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency 
2.9 Large Bowel 
2.9.1 Infectious disorders 
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated 
2.9.1.2 Bacterial 
2.9.1.3 Parasitic 
2.9.1.4 Viral 
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis 
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis 
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis 
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities 
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease 
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel 
2.9.3.3 Obstruction 
2.9.4 Structural disorders 
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies 
2.9.4.2 Diverticula 
2.9.4.3 Intussusception 
2.9.4.4 Volvulus 
2.9.5 Tumors 
2.10 Rectum and Anus 
2.10.1 Infectious disorders 
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess 
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess 
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess 
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders 
2.10.2.1 Proctitis 
2.10.3 Structural disorders 
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure 
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula 
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies 
2.10.3.4 Foreign body 
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids 
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse 
2.10.4 Tumors 
2.11 Spleen 
2.11.1 Asplenism 
2.11.2 Splenomegaly 
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction 
3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest 
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) 
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System 
3.3 Disorders of Circulation 
3.3.1 Arterial 
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm 
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism 
3.3.2 Venous 
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2) 
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm 
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias 
3.4.1.1 Ventricular 
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular 
3.4.2 Conduction disorders 
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired 
3.5.1 Cardiac failure 
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale 
3.5.1.2 High output 
3.5.1.3 Low output 
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy 
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic 
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure 
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes 
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease 
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction 
3.5.7 Myocarditis 
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm 
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium 
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6) 
3.6.2 Pericarditis 
3.7 Endocarditis 
3.8 Hypertension 
3.9 Tumors 
3.10 Valvular Disorders 
4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS 
4.1 Cancers of the Skin 
4.1.1 Basal cell 
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma 
4.1.3 Melanoma 
4.1.4 Squamous cell 
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions 
4.2.1 Decubitus 
4.2.2 Venous stasis 
4.3 Dermatitis 
4.3.1 Atopic 
4.3.2 Contact 
4.3.3 Eczema 
4.3.4 Psoriasis 
4.3.5 Seborrhea 
4.4 Infections 
4.4.1 Bacterial 
4.4.1.1 Abscess 
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis 
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas 
4.4.1.4 Impetigo 
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection 
4.4.2 Fungal 
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7) 
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes 
4.4.3 Ectoparasites 
4.4.4 Viral 
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers 
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9) 
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1) 
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5) 
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2) 
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum 
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions 
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme 
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum 
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) 
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea 
4.5.5 Purpura 
4.5.6 Urticaria 
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions 
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma 
4.6.2 Lipoma 
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst 
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions 
4.7.1 Pemphigus 
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis 
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid 
5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS 
5.1.1.1 Acidosis 
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances 
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory 
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 
5.2 Adrenal Disease 
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome 
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism 
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism 
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism 
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism 
5.4 Glucose Metabolism 
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus 
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II 
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism 
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia 
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 
5.5 Nutritional Disorders 
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies 
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
5.5.3 Malabsorption 
5.6 Parathyroid Disease 
5.7 Pituitary Disorders 
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 
5.8 Thyroid Disorders 
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism 
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism 
5.8.3 Thyroiditis 
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands 
5.9.1 Adrenal 
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 
5.9.2 Pituitary 
5.9.3 Thyroid 
 
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS 
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2) 
6.1.1 Arthropods 
6.1.1.1 Insects 
6.1.1.2 Arachnida 
6.1.2 Mammals 
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28) 
6.1.4 Reptiles 
6.2 Dysbarism 
6.2.1 Air embolism 
6.2.2 Barotrauma 
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome 
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1) 
6.3.1 Lightning 
6.4 High-altitude Illness 
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness 
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent 
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema 
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema 
6.5 Submersion Incidents 
6.5.1 Cold water immersion 
6.5.2 Near drowning 
6.6 Temperature-related Illness 
6.6.1 Heat 
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion 
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 
6.6.2 Cold 
6.6.2.1 Frostbite 
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia 
6.7 Radiation Emergencies 
7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS 
7.1 Ear 
7.1.1 Foreign body 
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis 
7.1.3 Mastoiditis 
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease 
7.1.5 Otitis externa 
7.1.5.1 Infective 
7.1.5.1.1 
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 
7.1.6 Otitis media 
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 
7.1.8 Perichondritis 
7.2 Eye 
7.2.1 External eye 
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis 
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1) 
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis 
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 
7.2.1.7 Foreign body 
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 
7.2.1.9 Keratitis 
7.2.2 Anterior pole 
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma 
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5) 
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9) 
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 
7.2.3 Posterior pole 
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis 
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis 
7.2.3.3 Papilledema 
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8) 
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion 
7.2.4 Orbit 
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis 
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal 
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal 
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis 
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
7.4 Nose 
7.4.1 Epistaxis 
7.4.2 Foreign body 
7.4.3 Rhinitis 
7.4.4 Sinusitis 
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat 
7.5.1 Dentalgia 
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue 
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina 
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis 
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands 
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis 
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis 
7.5.4 Foreign body 
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders 
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea 
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2) 
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis 
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis 
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1) 
7.5.8 Dental abscess 
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess 
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess 
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders 
7.6 Tumors 
8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS 
8.1 Blood Transfusion 
8.1.1 Complications 
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders 
8.2.1 Coagulation defects 
8.2.1.1 Acquired 
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias 
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 
8.2.3 Platelet disorders 
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia 
8.3 Lymphomas 
8.4 Pancytopenia 
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders 
8.5.1 Anemias 
8.5.1.1 Aplastic 
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies 
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease 
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic 
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic 
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency 
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic 
8.5.2 Polycythemia 
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29) 
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders 
8.6.1 Leukemia 
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma 
8.6.3 Leukopenia 
9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS 
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease 
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease 
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome 
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3) 
9.1.4 Scleroderma 
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 
9.1.6 Vasculitis 
9.2 Hypersensitivity 
9.2.1 Allergic reaction 
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 
9.2.3 Angioedema 
9.2.4 Drug allergies 
9.3 Transplant-related Problems 
9.3.1 Immunosuppression 
9.3.2 Rejection 
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders 
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome 
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever 
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis 
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1) 
10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS 
10.1 Bacterial 
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning 
10.1.1.1 Botulism 
10.1.2 Chlamydia 
10.1.3 Gonococcus 
10.1.4 Meningococcus 
10.1.5 Mycobacterium 
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria 
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis 
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases 
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3) 
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia 
10.1.7.1 Shock 
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome 
10.1.8 Spirochetes 
10.1.8.1 Syphilis 
10.1.9 Tetanus 
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents 
10.3 Fungal Infections 
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites 
10.4.1 Malaria 
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis 
10.5 Tick-Borne 
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis 
10.5.2 Lyme disease 
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
10.6 Viral 
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis 
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza 
10.6.3 Hantavirus 
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1) 
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4) 
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS 
10.6.7 Rabies 
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2) 
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 
11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC) 
11.1 Bony Abnormalities 
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis 
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis 
11.1.3 Tumors 
11.2 Disorders of the Spine 
11.2.1 Disc disorders 
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies 
11.2.3 Low back pain 
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis 
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains 
11.3 Joint Abnormalities 
11.3.1 Arthritis 
11.3.1.1 Septic 
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies 
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3) 
11.3.1.4 Juvenile 
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis 
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip 
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities 
11.4.1 Myositis 
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis 
11.5 Overuse Syndromes 
11.5.1 Bursitis 
11.5.2 Muscle strains 
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome 
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome 
11.5.4 Tendonitis 
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections 
11.6.1 Fasciitis 
11.6.2 Felon 
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1) 
11.6.4 Paronychia 
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis 
12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders 
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy) 
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia 
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders 
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis 
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2) 
12.3.1 Tension 
12.3.2 Vascular 
12.3.3 Cluster 
12.4 Hydrocephalus 
12.4.1 Normal pressure 
12.4.2 VP shunt 
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders 
12.5.1 Encephalitis 
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess 
12.5.3 Meningitis 
12.5.3.1 Bacterial 
12.5.3.2 Viral 
12.5.4 Myelitis 
12.5.5 Neuritis 
12.6 Movement Disorders 
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction 
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform 
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia 
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders 
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome 
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis 
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy 
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain 
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3) 
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease 
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri 
12.9 Seizure Disorders 
12.9.1 Febrile 
12.9.2 Neonatal 
12.9.3 Status epilepticus 
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive 
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression 
12.11 Stroke 
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic 
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral 
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid 
12.11.2 Ischemic 
12.11.2.1 Embolic 
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic 
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia 
12.13 Tumors 
13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 
13.1 Female Genital Tract 
13.1.1 Cervix 
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 
13.1.1.2 Tumors 
13.1.2 Infectious disorders 
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease 
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 
13.1.2.2 Urethritis 
13.1.3 Lesions 
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4) 
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5) 
13.1.4 Ovary 
13.1.4.1 Cyst 
13.1.4.2 Torsion 
13.1.4.3 Tumors 
13.1.5 Uterus 
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding 
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis 
13.1.5.3 Prolapse 
13.1.5.4 Tumors 
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma 
13.1.6 V agina and vulva 
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst 
13.1.6.2 Foreign body 
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis 
13.2 Normal Pregnancy 
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy 
13.3.1 Abortion 
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy 
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum 
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa 
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum 
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia 
13.3.7 Infections 
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding 
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes 
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy 
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies 
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery 
13.6 Complications of Labor 
13.6.1 Fetal distress 
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3) 
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes 
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4) 
13.7 Complications of Delivery 
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus 
13.7.2 Nuchal cord 
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord 
13.8 Postpartum Complications 
13.8.1 Endometritis 
13.8.2 Hemorrhage 
13.8.3 Mastitis 
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction 
13.9 Contraception 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS 
14.1 Addictive Behavior 
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence 
14.1.2 Drug dependence 
14.1.3 Eating disorders 
14.1.4 Substance abuse 
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence 
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders 
14.2.1 Acute psychosis 
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder 
14.2.3 Depression 
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk 
14.2.4 Grief reaction 
14.2.5 Schizophrenia 
14.3 Factitious Disorders 
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior 
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy 
14.4 Neurotic Disorders 
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic 
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive 
14.4.3 Phobic 
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress 
14.5 Organic Psychoses 
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions 
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses 
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses 
14.5.2 Delirium 
 
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1) 
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal 
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2) 
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17) 
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3) 
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35) 
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15) 
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4) 
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect 
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence 
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder 
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 
14.6.3 Sexual assault 
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety 
14.7 Personality Disorders 
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders 
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis 
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 
15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS 
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis 
15.3 Glomerular Disorders 
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4) 
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome 
15.4 Infection 
15.4.1 Cystitis 
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis 
15.5 Male Genital Tract 
15.5.1 Genital lesions 
15.5.2 Hernias 
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection 
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis 
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) 
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis 
15.5.3.5 Urethritis 
15.5.4 Structural 
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis 
15.5.4.2 Priapism 
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 
15.5.4.4 Torsion 
15.5.5 Testicular masses 
15.5.6 Tumors 
15.5.6.1 Prostate 
15.5.6.2 Testis 
15.6 Nephritis 
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
15.7 Structural Disorders 
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract 
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy 
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease 
15.8 Tumors 
16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS 
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders 
16.1.1 Infections 
16.1.1.1 Croup 
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications 
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall 
16.2.1 Costochondritis 
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1) 
16.1.2 Obstruction 
16.2.2 Mediastinitis 
16.2.3 Pleural effusion 
16.2.4 Pleuritis 
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7) 
16.2.6.1 Simple 
16.2.6.2 Tension 
16.2.6.3 Open 
16.2.7 Empyema 
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease 
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease 
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis 
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis 
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure 
16.4.7 Foreign body 
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults 
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis 
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2) 
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct 
16.6.1 Septic emboli 
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1) 
16.6.3 Fat emboli 
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess 
16.7.2 Pneumonia 
16.7.2.1 Aspiration 
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired 
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated 
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
16.7.5 Pertussis 
16.8 Tumors 
16.8.1 Breast 
16.8.2 Pulmonary 
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension 
17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS 
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes 
17.1.1 Analgesics 
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1) 
17.1.2.1 Ethanol 
17.1.2.2 Glycol 
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl 
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) 
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3) 
17.1.1.4 Salicylates 
17.1.2.4 Methanol 
17.1.3 Anesthetics 
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 
17.1.7 Antidepressants 
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 
17.1.10 Antipsychotics 
17.1.11 Bronchodilators 
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs 
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis 
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives 
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers 
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3) 
17.1.14.1 Acid 
17.1.14.2 Alkali 
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2) 
17.1.18 Hazardous materials 
17.1.19 Heavy metals 
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids 
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 
17.1.26 Iron 
17.1.27 Isoniazid 
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 
17.1.31 Neuroleptics 
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 
17.1.33 Organophosphates 
17.1.34 Recreational drugs 
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 
17.1.37 Strychnine 
17.1.38 Lithium 
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 
17.1.41 Antibiotics 
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals 
18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS 
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 
18.1 Trauma 
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma 
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus 
18.1.1.3 Penetrating 
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum 
18.1.1.5 Solid organ 
18.1.1.6 Vascular 
18.1.2 Chest trauma 
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption 
18.1.2.2 Contusion 
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac 
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary 
18.1.2.3 Fracture 
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle 
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest 
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum 
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax 
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma 
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1) 
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6) 
18.1.2.7.1 Simple 
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 
18.1.2.7.3 Open 
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries 
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1) 
18.1.3.3 Burns 
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3) 
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2) 
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal 
18.1.3.4 Lacerations 
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds 
18.1.4 Facial fractures 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 
18.1.4.1 Dental 
18.1.4.2 Le Fort 
18.1.4.3 Mandibular 
18.1.4.4 Orbital 
18.1.4.5 Nasal 
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma 
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch 
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma 
18.1.5.1 Bladder 
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia 
18.1.5.3 Renal 
18.1.5.4 Ureteral 
18.1.5.5 Urethral 
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 
18.1.6 Head trauma 
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine 
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.7.2 Fractures 
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma 
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 
18.1.9 Neck trauma 
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries 
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma 
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries 
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery 
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 
18.1.9.4 Strangulation 
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma 
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4) 
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2) 
18.1.10.2.1 Acid 
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali 
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet 
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations 
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8) 
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2) 
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries 
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries 
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4) 
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3) 
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 
18.1.11 Otologic trauma 
18.1.11.1 Hematoma 
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures 
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 
18.1.12.2 Greenstick 
18.1.12.3 Torus 
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture 
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries 
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes 
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection 
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints 
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma 
18.1.14.6 Periarticular 
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains 
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries 
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections 
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures 
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon 
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon 
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries 
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma 
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1) 
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots 
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury 
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury 
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy 
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1) 
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2) 
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 
18.3 Multi-system Trauma 
18.3.1 Blast injury 
19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 
19.1 Airway Techniques 
19.1.1 Intubation 
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts 
19.1.3 Surgical airway 
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation 
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management 
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring 
19.2 Resuscitation 
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation 
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation 
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care 
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy 
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion 
19.2.7 Central venous access 
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion 
19.2.9 Defibrillation 
19.2.10 Thoracotomy 
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 
19.3.1 Local anesthesia 
19.3.2 Regional nerve block 
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia 
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal 
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy 
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid 
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage 
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement 
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube 
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis 
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic 
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing 
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion 
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation 
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis 
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis 
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy 
19.4.3 Cutaneous 
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy 
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage 
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails 
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques 
19.4.3.5 Wound management 
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat 
 
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis 
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess 
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy 
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy 
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination 
19.4.4.6 Tonometry 
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization 
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4) 
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma 
19.4.5 Systemic infectious 
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques) 
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management 
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal 
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis 
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement 
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques 
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques 
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy 
19.4.7 Nervous system 
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture 
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology 
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn 
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2) 
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination 
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral 
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination 
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint 
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital 
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization 
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter 
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter 
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram 
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion 
19.4.11 Toxicologic 
19.4.11.1 Decontamination 
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 
19.5.1 Foreign body removal 
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material 
19.5.3 Ultrasound 
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic 
19.5.3.2 Procedural 
20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 
0.1.1 Interpersonal skills 
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations 
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills 
 
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care 
20.1.2 Communication skills 
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery 
20.1.2.2 Conflict management 
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management 
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news 
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient 
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills 
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement 
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning 
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine 
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature 
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation 
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors 
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback 
20.2.1.6 Research 
20.2.2 Practice guidelines 
20.2.3 Education 
20.2.3.1 Patient and family 
20.2.3.2 Provider 
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement 
20.3 Professionalism 
20.3.1 Advocacy 
20.3.1.1 Patient 
20.3.1.2 Professional 
20.3.2 Ethical principles 
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest 
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness 
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media 
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics 
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles 
20.3.4 Well-being 
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment 
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills 
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance 
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out) 
20.4 Systems-based Practice 
20.4.1 Clinical informatics 
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry 
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support 
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record 
20.4.1.4 Health information integration 
20.4.2 ED Administration 
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models 
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput 
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification 
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion 
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units 
20.4.2.3 Financial principles 
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding 
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization 
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues 
20.4.2.4 Human resource management 
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals 
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation 
20.4.3 ED operations 
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures 
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics 
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED 
20.4.4 Health care coordination 
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 
20.4.4.2 Placement options 
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services 
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal 
20.4.5.1 Accreditation 
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements 
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA 
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care 
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) 
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics 
20.4.6 Risk management 
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation 
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance 
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation 
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery 
20.4.7.1 Public policy 
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-26T20:08:36Z

Emwiki:

1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology
1.1.1 Hypothermia
1.1.2 Fever
1.1.3 Bradycardia
1.1.4 Tachycardia
1.1.5 Apnea
1.1.6 Tachypnea
1.1.7 Hypoxia
1.1.8 Hypotension
1.1.9 Hypertension
1.2 Pain
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified)
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3)
1.2.3 Eye pain
1.2.4 Chest pain
1.2.5 Abdominal pain
1.2.6 Pelvic pain
1.2.7 Back pain
1.3 General
1.3.1 Altered mental status
1.3.2 Anuria
1.3.3 Anxiety
1.3.4 Ascites
1.3.5 Ataxia
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances
1.3.7 Bleeding
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea
1.3.9 Constipation
1.3.10 Cough
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness
1.3.12 Cyanosis
1.3.13 Dehydration
1.3.14 Diarrhea
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea
1.3.16 Dysphagia
1.3.17 Dysuria
1.3.18 Edema
1.3.19 Failure to thrive
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise
1.3.21 Feeding problems
1.3.22 Hematemesis
1.3.23 Hematuria
1.3.24 Hemoptysis
1.3.25 Hiccup
1.3.26 Jaundice
1.3.27 Joint swelling
1.3.28 Lethargy
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness
1.3.30 Limp
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting
1.3.34 Occupational exposure
1.3.35 Palpitations
1.3.36 Paralysis
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia
1.3.38 Poisoning
1.3.39 Pruritus
1.3.40 Rash
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding
1.3.42 Shock
1.3.43 Shortness of breath
1.3.44 Sore throat
1.3.45 Stridor
1.3.46 Syncope
1.3.47 Tinnitus
1.3.48 Tremor
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence
1.3.50 Urinary retention
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge
1.3.53 Vertigo
1.3.54 Visual disturbances
1.3.55 Weakness
1.3.56 Wheezing
2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
2.1 Abdominal Wall
2.1.1 Hernias
2.2 Esophagus
2.2.1 Infectious disorders
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7)
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14)
2.2.2.3.1 Acid
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities
2.2.3.1 Spasms
2.2.4 Structural disorders
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome
2.2.4.2 Diverticula
2.2.4.3 Foreign body
2.2.4.4 Hernias
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula
2.2.4.8 Varices
2.2.5 Tumors
2.3 Liver
2.3.1 Cirrhosis
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure
2.3.3 Infectious disorders
2.3.3.1 Abscess
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis
2.3.3.2.1 Acute
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic
2.3.4 Tumors
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract
2.4.1 Cholangitis
2.4.2 Cholecystitis
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis
2.4.4 Tumors
2.5 Pancreas
2.5.1 Pancreatitis
2.5.2 Tumors
2.6 Peritoneum
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2.7 Stomach
2.7.1 Infectious disorders
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.7.2.1 Gastritis
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage
2.7.3.2 Perforation
2.7.4 Structural disorders
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
2.7.4.2 Foreign body
2.7.5 Tumors
2.8 Small Bowel
2.8.1 Infectious disorders
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities
2.8.3.1 Obstruction
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus
2.8.4 Structural disorders
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum
2.8.5 Tumors
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency
2.9 Large Bowel
2.9.1 Infectious disorders
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated
2.9.1.2 Bacterial
2.9.1.3 Parasitic
2.9.1.4 Viral
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel
2.9.3.3 Obstruction
2.9.4 Structural disorders
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies
2.9.4.2 Diverticula
2.9.4.3 Intussusception
2.9.4.4 Volvulus
2.9.5 Tumors
2.10 Rectum and Anus
2.10.1 Infectious disorders
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.10.2.1 Proctitis
2.10.3 Structural disorders
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies
2.10.3.4 Foreign body
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse
2.10.4 Tumors
2.11 Spleen
2.11.1 Asplenism
2.11.2 Splenomegaly
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction
3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
3.3 Disorders of Circulation
3.3.1 Arterial
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism
3.3.2 Venous
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2)
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias
3.4.1.1 Ventricular
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular
3.4.2 Conduction disorders
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired
3.5.1 Cardiac failure
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale
3.5.1.2 High output
3.5.1.3 Low output
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction
3.5.7 Myocarditis
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6)
3.6.2 Pericarditis
3.7 Endocarditis
3.8 Hypertension
3.9 Tumors
3.10 Valvular Disorders
4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS
4.1 Cancers of the Skin
4.1.1 Basal cell
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma
4.1.3 Melanoma
4.1.4 Squamous cell
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions
4.2.1 Decubitus
4.2.2 Venous stasis
4.3 Dermatitis
4.3.1 Atopic
4.3.2 Contact
4.3.3 Eczema
4.3.4 Psoriasis
4.3.5 Seborrhea
4.4 Infections
4.4.1 Bacterial
4.4.1.1 Abscess
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas
4.4.1.4 Impetigo
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection
4.4.2 Fungal
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7)
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes
4.4.3 Ectoparasites
4.4.4 Viral
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9)
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1)
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5)
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2)
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea
4.5.5 Purpura
4.5.6 Urticaria
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma
4.6.2 Lipoma
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions
4.7.1 Pemphigus
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid
5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS
5.1.1.1 Acidosis
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder
5.2 Adrenal Disease
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism
5.4 Glucose Metabolism
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia
5.5 Nutritional Disorders
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
5.5.3 Malabsorption
5.6 Parathyroid Disease
5.7 Pituitary Disorders
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism
5.8 Thyroid Disorders
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism
5.8.3 Thyroiditis
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands
5.9.1 Adrenal
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma
5.9.2 Pituitary
5.9.3 Thyroid

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2)
6.1.1 Arthropods
6.1.1.1 Insects
6.1.1.2 Arachnida
6.1.2 Mammals
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28)
6.1.4 Reptiles
6.2 Dysbarism
6.2.1 Air embolism
6.2.2 Barotrauma
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1)
6.3.1 Lightning
6.4 High-altitude Illness
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema
6.5 Submersion Incidents
6.5.1 Cold water immersion
6.5.2 Near drowning
6.6 Temperature-related Illness
6.6.1 Heat
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke
6.6.2 Cold
6.6.2.1 Frostbite
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia
6.7 Radiation Emergencies
7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS
7.1 Ear
7.1.1 Foreign body
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis
7.1.3 Mastoiditis
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease
7.1.5 Otitis externa
7.1.5.1 Infective
7.1.5.1.1
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen
7.1.6 Otitis media
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2)
7.1.8 Perichondritis
7.2 Eye
7.2.1 External eye
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2)
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1)
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system
7.2.1.7 Foreign body
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum
7.2.1.9 Keratitis
7.2.2 Anterior pole
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5)
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9)
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon
7.2.3 Posterior pole
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis
7.2.3.3 Papilledema
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8)
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion
7.2.4 Orbit
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis
7.4 Nose
7.4.1 Epistaxis
7.4.2 Foreign body
7.4.3 Rhinitis
7.4.4 Sinusitis
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat
7.5.1 Dentalgia
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis
7.5.4 Foreign body
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2)
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1)
7.5.8 Dental abscess
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders
7.6 Tumors
8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
8.1 Blood Transfusion
8.1.1 Complications
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders
8.2.1 Coagulation defects
8.2.1.1 Acquired
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation
8.2.3 Platelet disorders
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia
8.3 Lymphomas
8.4 Pancytopenia
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders
8.5.1 Anemias
8.5.1.1 Aplastic
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic
8.5.2 Polycythemia
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29)
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders
8.6.1 Leukemia
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma
8.6.3 Leukopenia
9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3)
9.1.4 Scleroderma
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus
9.1.6 Vasculitis
9.2 Hypersensitivity
9.2.1 Allergic reaction
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis
9.2.3 Angioedema
9.2.4 Drug allergies
9.3 Transplant-related Problems
9.3.1 Immunosuppression
9.3.2 Rejection
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1)
10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
10.1 Bacterial
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning
10.1.1.1 Botulism
10.1.2 Chlamydia
10.1.3 Gonococcus
10.1.4 Meningococcus
10.1.5 Mycobacterium
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3)
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia
10.1.7.1 Shock
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome
10.1.8 Spirochetes
10.1.8.1 Syphilis
10.1.9 Tetanus
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents
10.3 Fungal Infections
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites
10.4.1 Malaria
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis
10.5 Tick-Borne
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis
10.5.2 Lyme disease
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever
10.6 Viral
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza
10.6.3 Hantavirus
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1)
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4)
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS
10.6.7 Rabies
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2)
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2)
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance
11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)
11.1 Bony Abnormalities
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis
11.1.3 Tumors
11.2 Disorders of the Spine
11.2.1 Disc disorders
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies
11.2.3 Low back pain
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1)
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains
11.3 Joint Abnormalities
11.3.1 Arthritis
11.3.1.1 Septic
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3)
11.3.1.4 Juvenile
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities
11.4.1 Myositis
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis
11.5 Overuse Syndromes
11.5.1 Bursitis
11.5.2 Muscle strains
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome
11.5.4 Tendonitis
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections
11.6.1 Fasciitis
11.6.2 Felon
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1)
11.6.4 Paronychia
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis
12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy)
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2)
12.3.1 Tension
12.3.2 Vascular
12.3.3 Cluster
12.4 Hydrocephalus
12.4.1 Normal pressure
12.4.2 VP shunt
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders
12.5.1 Encephalitis
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess
12.5.3 Meningitis
12.5.3.1 Bacterial
12.5.3.2 Viral
12.5.4 Myelitis
12.5.5 Neuritis
12.6 Movement Disorders
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3)
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri
12.9 Seizure Disorders
12.9.1 Febrile
12.9.2 Neonatal
12.9.3 Status epilepticus
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression
12.11 Stroke
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid
12.11.2 Ischemic
12.11.2.1 Embolic
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia
12.13 Tumors
13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
13.1 Female Genital Tract
13.1.1 Cervix
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis
13.1.1.2 Tumors
13.1.2 Infectious disorders
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess
13.1.2.2 Urethritis
13.1.3 Lesions
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4)
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5)
13.1.4 Ovary
13.1.4.1 Cyst
13.1.4.2 Torsion
13.1.4.3 Tumors
13.1.5 Uterus
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis
13.1.5.3 Prolapse
13.1.5.4 Tumors
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma
13.1.6 V agina and vulva
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst
13.1.6.2 Foreign body
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis
13.2 Normal Pregnancy
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy
13.3.1 Abortion
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1)
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia
13.3.7 Infections
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery
13.6 Complications of Labor
13.6.1 Fetal distress
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3)
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4)
13.7 Complications of Delivery
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus
13.7.2 Nuchal cord
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord
13.8 Postpartum Complications
13.8.1 Endometritis
13.8.2 Hemorrhage
13.8.3 Mastitis
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction
13.9 Contraception

14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
14.1 Addictive Behavior
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence
14.1.2 Drug dependence
14.1.3 Eating disorders
14.1.4 Substance abuse
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders
14.2.1 Acute psychosis
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder
14.2.3 Depression
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk
14.2.4 Grief reaction
14.2.5 Schizophrenia
14.3 Factitious Disorders
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy
14.4 Neurotic Disorders
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive
14.4.3 Phobic
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress
14.5 Organic Psychoses
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses
14.5.2 Delirium

14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1)
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2)
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17)
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3)
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35)
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15)
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4)
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk
14.6.3 Sexual assault
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety
14.7 Personality Disorders
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion
15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis
15.3 Glomerular Disorders
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4)
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome
15.4 Infection
15.4.1 Cystitis
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis
15.5 Male Genital Tract
15.5.1 Genital lesions
15.5.2 Hernias
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene)
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis
15.5.3.5 Urethritis
15.5.4 Structural
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis
15.5.4.2 Priapism
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
15.5.4.4 Torsion
15.5.5 Testicular masses
15.5.6 Tumors
15.5.6.1 Prostate
15.5.6.2 Testis
15.6 Nephritis
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome
15.7 Structural Disorders
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease
15.8 Tumors
16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders
16.1.1 Infections
16.1.1.1 Croup
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall
16.2.1 Costochondritis
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1)
16.1.2 Obstruction
16.2.2 Mediastinitis
16.2.3 Pleural effusion
16.2.4 Pleuritis
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7)
16.2.6.1 Simple
16.2.6.2 Tension
16.2.6.3 Open
16.2.7 Empyema
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure
16.4.7 Foreign body
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2)
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct
16.6.1 Septic emboli
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1)
16.6.3 Fat emboli
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess
16.7.2 Pneumonia
16.7.2.1 Aspiration
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
16.7.5 Pertussis
16.8 Tumors
16.8.1 Breast
16.8.2 Pulmonary
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension
17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes
17.1.1 Analgesics
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1)
17.1.2.1 Ethanol
17.1.2.2 Glycol
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3)
17.1.1.4 Salicylates
17.1.2.4 Methanol
17.1.3 Anesthetics
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6)
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants
17.1.7 Antidepressants
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics
17.1.10 Antipsychotics
17.1.11 Bronchodilators
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3)
17.1.14.1 Acid
17.1.14.2 Alkali
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5)
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2)
17.1.18 Hazardous materials
17.1.19 Heavy metals
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins
17.1.26 Iron
17.1.27 Isoniazid
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3)
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3)
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants
17.1.31 Neuroleptics
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs
17.1.33 Organophosphates
17.1.34 Recreational drugs
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4)
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5)
17.1.37 Strychnine
17.1.38 Lithium
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents
17.1.41 Antibiotics
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals
18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm
18.1 Trauma
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus
18.1.1.3 Penetrating
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum
18.1.1.5 Solid organ
18.1.1.6 Vascular
18.1.2 Chest trauma
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption
18.1.2.2 Contusion
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary
18.1.2.3 Fracture
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1)
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6)
18.1.2.7.1 Simple
18.1.2.7.2 Tension
18.1.2.7.3 Open
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries
18.1.3.1 Avulsions
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1)
18.1.3.3 Burns
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3)
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2)
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal
18.1.3.4 Lacerations
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds
18.1.4 Facial fractures
18.1.5.1 Bladder
18.1.5.2 External genitalia
18.1.4.1 Dental
18.1.4.2 Le Fort
18.1.4.3 Mandibular
18.1.4.4 Orbital
18.1.4.5 Nasal
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma
18.1.5.1 Bladder
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia
18.1.5.3 Renal
18.1.5.4 Ureteral
18.1.5.5 Urethral
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury
18.1.6 Head trauma
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
18.1.7.2 Fractures
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed)
18.1.9 Neck trauma
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein
18.1.9.4 Strangulation
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4)
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2)
18.1.10.2.1 Acid
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8)
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2)
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4)
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3)
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma
18.1.11 Otologic trauma
18.1.11.1 Hematoma
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7)
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification
18.1.12.2 Greenstick
18.1.12.3 Torus
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma
18.1.14.6 Periarticular
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1)
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA)
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1)
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2)
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2)
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4)
18.3 Multi-system Trauma
18.3.1 Blast injury
19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
19.1 Airway Techniques
19.1.1 Intubation
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts
19.1.3 Surgical airway
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring
19.2 Resuscitation
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion
19.2.7 Central venous access
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion
19.2.9 Defibrillation
19.2.10 Thoracotomy
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
19.3.1 Local anesthesia
19.3.2 Regional nerve block
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy
19.4.3 Cutaneous
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques
19.4.3.5 Wound management
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat

19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination
19.4.4.6 Tonometry
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4)
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma
19.4.5 Systemic infectious
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques)
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy
19.4.7 Nervous system
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2)
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion
19.4.11 Toxicologic
19.4.11.1 Decontamination
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
19.5.1 Foreign body removal
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material
19.5.3 Ultrasound
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic
19.5.3.2 Procedural
20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills
0.1.1 Interpersonal skills
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills

20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care
20.1.2 Communication skills
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery
20.1.2.2 Conflict management
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback
20.2.1.6 Research
20.2.2 Practice guidelines
20.2.3 Education
20.2.3.1 Patient and family
20.2.3.2 Provider
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement
20.3 Professionalism
20.3.1 Advocacy
20.3.1.1 Patient
20.3.1.2 Professional
20.3.2 Ethical principles
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles
20.3.4 Well-being
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out)
20.4 Systems-based Practice
20.4.1 Clinical informatics
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record
20.4.1.4 Health information integration
20.4.2 ED Administration
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units
20.4.2.3 Financial principles
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues
20.4.2.4 Human resource management
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation
20.4.3 ED operations
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED
20.4.4 Health care coordination
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives
20.4.4.2 Placement options
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal
20.4.5.1 Accreditation
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics
20.4.6 Risk management
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery
20.4.7.1 Public policy
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-26T20:05:53Z

Emwiki:

1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology
1.1.1 Hypothermia1.1.2 Fever1.1.3 Bradycardia1.1.4 Tachycardia1.1.5 Apnea 1.1.6 Tachypnea
1.1.7 Hypoxia
1.1.8 Hypotension
1.1.9 Hypertension1.2 Pain1.2.1 Pain (unspecified)1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3)
1.2.3 Eye pain1.2.4 Chest pain1.2.5 Abdominal pain
1.2.6 Pelvic pain1.2.7 Back pain1.3 General1.3.1 Altered mental status1.3.2 Anuria 1.3.3 Anxiety 1.3.4 Ascites1.3.5 Ataxia1.3.6 Auditory disturbances 1.3.7 Bleeding1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea 1.3.9 Constipation 1.3.10 Cough1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness1.3.12 Cyanosis 1.3.13 Dehydration1.3.14 Diarrhea1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea 1.3.16 Dysphagia1.3.17 Dysuria 1.3.18 Edema1.3.19 Failure to thrive1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise1.3.21 Feeding problems 1.3.22 Hematemesis
1.3.23 Hematuria
1.3.24 Hemoptysis1.3.25 Hiccup1.3.26 Jaundice1.3.27 Joint swelling1.3.28 Lethargy1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness1.3.30 Limp1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting1.3.34 Occupational exposure1.3.35 Palpitations1.3.36 Paralysis1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia1.3.38 Poisoning1.3.39 Pruritus1.3.40 Rash1.3.41 Rectal bleeding1.3.42 Shock1.3.43 Shortness of breath1.3.44 Sore throat1.3.45 Stridor1.3.46 Syncope1.3.47 Tinnitus1.3.48 Tremor1.3.49 Urinary incontinence1.3.50 Urinary retention1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding1.3.52 Vaginal discharge1.3.53 Vertigo1.3.54 Visual disturbances1.3.55 Weakness1.3.56 Wheezing 2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS2.1 Abdominal Wall
2.1.1 Hernias2.2 Esophagus2.2.1 Infectious disorders2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7)2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) 2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14)2.2.2.3.1 Acid2.2.2.3.2 Alkali2.2.3 Motor abnormalities2.2.3.1 Spasms2.2.4 Structural disorders 2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome
2.2.4.2 Diverticula2.2.4.3 Foreign body2.2.4.4 Hernias2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula
2.2.4.8 Varices2.2.5 Tumors2.3 Liver2.3.1 Cirrhosis2.3.1.1 Alcoholic2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure2.3.3 Infectious disorders2.3.3.1 Abscess2.3.3.2 Hepatitis
2.3.3.2.1 Acute
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic2.3.4 Tumors 2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract2.4.1 Cholangitis
2.4.2 Cholecystitis 2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis
2.4.4 Tumors2.5 Pancreas2.5.1 Pancreatitis 2.5.2 Tumors2.6 Peritoneum2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis2.7 Stomach2.7.1 Infectious disorders2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders2.7.2.1 Gastritis2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage2.7.3.2 Perforation2.7.4 Structural disorders2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis2.7.4.2 Foreign body2.7.5 Tumors2.8 Small Bowel2.8.1 Infectious disorders
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities2.8.3.1 Obstruction2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus
2.8.4 Structural disorders2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum2.8.5 Tumors2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency2.9 Large Bowel2.9.1 Infectious disorders2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated
2.9.1.2 Bacterial2.9.1.3 Parasitic2.9.1.4 Viral2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis2.9.3 Motor abnormalities2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel2.9.3.3 Obstruction2.9.4 Structural disorders2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies
2.9.4.2 Diverticula2.9.4.3 Intussusception2.9.4.4 Volvulus2.9.5 Tumors2.10 Rectum and Anus2.10.1 Infectious disorders2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.10.2.1 Proctitis2.10.3 Structural disorders2.10.3.1 Anal fissure
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies
2.10.3.4 Foreign body
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse2.10.4 Tumors2.11 Spleen2.11.1 Asplenism2.11.2 Splenomegaly2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity 3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System3.3 Disorders of Circulation3.3.1 Arterial3.3.1.1 Aneurysm3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection 3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism
3.3.2 Venous3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2)3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias3.4.1.1 Ventricular3.4.1.2 Supraventricular3.4.2 Conduction disorders3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired3.5.1 Cardiac failure3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale
3.5.1.2 High output
3.5.1.3 Low output3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic3.5.3 Congestive heart failure3.5.4 Coronary syndromes3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease3.5.6 Myocardial infarction3.5.7 Myocarditis3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6)
3.6.2 Pericarditis3.7 Endocarditis3.8 Hypertension3.9 Tumors3.10 Valvular Disorders4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS 4.1 Cancers of the Skin
4.1.1 Basal cell4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma
4.1.3 Melanoma4.1.4 Squamous cell4.2 Ulcerative Lesions
4.2.1 Decubitus4.2.2 Venous stasis4.3 Dermatitis4.3.1 Atopic4.3.2 Contact
4.3.3 Eczema
4.3.4 Psoriasis
4.3.5 Seborrhea4.4 Infections4.4.1 Bacterial4.4.1.1 Abscess4.4.1.2 Cellulitis4.4.1.3 Erysipelas4.4.1.4 Impetigo4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection4.4.2 Fungal4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7)4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes4.4.3 Ectoparasites4.4.4 Viral4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9)4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1)4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5)4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2)4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum4.5 Maculopapular Lesions4.5.1 Erythema multiforme4.5.2 Erythema nodosum4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea4.5.5 Purpura4.5.6 Urticaria4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma4.6.2 Lipoma4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions
4.7.1 Pemphigus4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS5.1.1.1 Acidosis 5.1 Acid-base Disturbances5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency 5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances5.3.1 Calcium metabolism 5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion 5.1.1.2 Alkalosis 5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder 5.2 Adrenal Disease5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome5.3.3 Potassium metabolism
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism5.4 Glucose Metabolism5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia 5.5 Nutritional Disorders5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 5.5.3 Malabsorption5.6 Parathyroid Disease5.7 Pituitary Disorders5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism 5.8 Thyroid Disorders5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism
5.8.3 Thyroiditis5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands
5.9.1 Adrenal
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma 5.9.2 Pituitary 5.9.3 Thyroid 
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2)
6.1.1 Arthropods6.1.1.1 Insects 6.1.1.2 Arachnida6.1.2 Mammals6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28)6.1.4 Reptiles6.2 Dysbarism6.2.1 Air embolism6.2.2 Barotrauma6.2.3 Decompression syndrome6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1)
6.3.1 Lightning6.4 High-altitude Illness6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema6.5 Submersion Incidents6.5.1 Cold water immersion
6.5.2 Near drowning6.6 Temperature-related Illness6.6.1 Heat6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion6.6.1.2 Heat stroke 6.6.2 Cold6.6.2.1 Frostbite6.6.2.2 Hypothermia6.7 Radiation Emergencies7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS
7.1 Ear7.1.1 Foreign body7.1.2 Labyrinthitis7.1.3 Mastoiditis7.1.4 Ménière’s disease7.1.5 Otitis externa7.1.5.1 Infective
7.1.5.1.1
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen 7.1.6 Otitis media7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2) 7.1.8 Perichondritis7.2 Eye7.2.1 External eye7.2.1.1 Blepharitis
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2) 7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis 7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1)7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system 7.2.1.7 Foreign body7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids 7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion 7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum 7.2.1.9 Keratitis7.2.2 Anterior pole7.2.2.1 Glaucoma7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5)7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9)7.2.2.4 Hypopyon 7.2.3 Posterior pole7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis
7.2.3.3 Papilledema
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8)7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion7.2.4 Orbit7.2.4.1 Cellulitis7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis7.4 Nose7.4.1 Epistaxis7.4.2 Foreign body7.4.3 Rhinitis7.4.4 Sinusitis7.5 Oropharynx/Throat7.5.1 Dentalgia
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis7.5.4 Foreign body
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2)
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis7.5.6.3 Tracheitis7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1)
7.5.8 Dental abscess
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders7.6 Tumors8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
8.1 Blood Transfusion
8.1.1 Complications8.2 Hemostatic Disorders8.2.1 Coagulation defects
8.2.1.1 Acquired8.2.1.2 Hemophilias8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation8.2.3 Platelet disorders8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia8.3 Lymphomas8.4 Pancytopenia8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders8.5.1 Anemias8.5.1.1 Aplastic8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease8.5.1.3 Hemolytic8.5.1.4 Hypochromic8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic8.5.2 Polycythemia8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29)8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders
8.6.1 Leukemia8.6.2 Multiple myeloma
8.6.3 Leukopenia9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3)
9.1.4 Scleroderma9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus
9.1.6 Vasculitis
9.2 Hypersensitivity9.2.1 Allergic reaction9.2.2 Anaphylaxis 9.2.3 Angioedema 9.2.4 Drug allergies9.3 Transplant-related Problems
9.3.1 Immunosuppression
9.3.2 Rejection9.4 Immune Complex Disorders
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1)10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS10.1 Bacterial10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning10.1.1.1 Botulism10.1.2 Chlamydia10.1.3 Gonococcus10.1.4 Meningococcus10.1.5 Mycobacterium10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3)10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia10.1.7.1 Shock10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome10.1.8 Spirochetes
10.1.8.1 Syphilis10.1.9 Tetanus10.2 Biological Warfare Agents10.3 Fungal Infections10.4 Protozoan/Parasites
10.4.1 Malaria10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis10.5 Tick-Borne10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis10.5.2 Lyme disease10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever10.6 Viral10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza10.6.3 Hantavirus10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1)
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4)
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS10.6.7 Rabies10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2)10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2)
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance 11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)11.1 Bony Abnormalities11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis11.1.3 Tumors11.2 Disorders of the Spine11.2.1 Disc disorders11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies
11.2.3 Low back pain11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1) 11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains11.3 Joint Abnormalities11.3.1 Arthritis
11.3.1.1 Septic
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3)
11.3.1.4 Juvenile11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis11.4 Muscle Abnormalities
11.4.1 Myositis11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis11.5 Overuse Syndromes
11.5.1 Bursitis11.5.2 Muscle strains11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome
11.5.4 Tendonitis11.6 Soft Tissue Infections
11.6.1 Fasciitis11.6.2 Felon11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1)
11.6.4 Paronychia11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy)
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia12.2 Demyelinating Disorders12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2)
12.3.1 Tension12.3.2 Vascular
12.3.3 Cluster12.4 Hydrocephalus12.4.1 Normal pressure
12.4.2 VP shunt12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders
12.5.1 Encephalitis12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess
12.5.3 Meningitis12.5.3.1 Bacterial12.5.3.2 Viral
12.5.4 Myelitis12.5.5 Neuritis12.6 Movement Disorders12.6.1 Dystonic reaction
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3)
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri12.9 Seizure Disorders
12.9.1 Febrile12.9.2 Neonatal12.9.3 Status epilepticus12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive12.10 Spinal Cord Compression12.11 Stroke12.11.1 Hemorrhagic12.11.1.1 Intracerebral12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid12.11.2 Ischemic12.11.2.1 Embolic
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia
12.13 Tumors13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
13.1 Female Genital Tract
13.1.1 Cervix13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis 13.1.1.2 Tumors13.1.2 Infectious disorders13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess 13.1.2.2 Urethritis13.1.3 Lesions13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4)
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5)13.1.4 Ovary
13.1.4.1 Cyst13.1.4.2 Torsion 13.1.4.3 Tumors 13.1.5 Uterus13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis13.1.5.3 Prolapse13.1.5.4 Tumors 13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease 13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma13.1.6 V agina and vulva13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst
13.1.6.2 Foreign body
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis13.2 Normal Pregnancy13.3 Complications of Pregnancy13.3.1 Abortion
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1) 13.3.4.2 Placenta previa
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension 13.3.6.1 Eclampsia 13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia
13.3.7 Infections
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization 13.3.9 First trimester bleeding
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes13.4 High-risk Pregnancy13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery13.6 Complications of Labor
13.6.1 Fetal distress13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3)
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4)13.7 Complications of Delivery
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus
13.7.2 Nuchal cord13.7.3 Prolapse of cord13.8 Postpartum Complications
13.8.1 Endometritis
13.8.2 Hemorrhage13.8.3 Mastitis13.8.4 Pituitary infarction13.9 Contraception 14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS14.1 Addictive Behavior14.1.1 Alcohol dependence
14.1.2 Drug dependence
14.1.3 Eating disorders
14.1.4 Substance abuse
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders14.2.1 Acute psychosis
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder14.2.3 Depression14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk
14.2.4 Grief reaction14.2.5 Schizophrenia14.3 Factitious Disorders14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy14.4 Neurotic Disorders
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive
14.4.3 Phobic14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress14.5 Organic Psychoses14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses
14.5.2 Delirium
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1)14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2)
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17)
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3)
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35)14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15)14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4)14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect14.6.1 Interpersonal violence14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder14.6.2 Homicidal Risk 14.6.3 Sexual assault14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety14.7 Personality Disorders14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders14.8.1 Hypochondriasis
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion 15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis15.3 Glomerular Disorders15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4)
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome15.4 Infection15.4.1 Cystitis15.4.2 Pyelonephritis15.5 Male Genital Tract15.5.1 Genital lesions15.5.2 Hernias15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis 15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene)15.5.3.4 Prostatitis15.5.3.5 Urethritis
15.5.4 Structural15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis
15.5.4.2 Priapism
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
15.5.4.4 Torsion 15.5.5 Testicular masses15.5.6 Tumors
15.5.6.1 Prostate
15.5.6.2 Testis 15.6 Nephritis15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome15.7 Structural Disorders15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease15.8 Tumors16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders
16.1.1 Infections16.1.1.1 Croup 16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall16.2.1 Costochondritis 16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1)16.1.2 Obstruction 16.2.2 Mediastinitis16.2.3 Pleural effusion16.2.4 Pleuritis
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum 16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7)16.2.6.1 Simple
16.2.6.2 Tension 16.2.6.3 Open
16.2.7 Empyema16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure
16.4.7 Foreign body16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2)16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct
16.6.1 Septic emboli16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1)
16.6.3 Fat emboli16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess16.7.2 Pneumonia16.7.2.1 Aspiration16.7.2.2 Community-acquired16.7.2.3 Health care-associated16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
16.7.5 Pertussis16.8 Tumors16.8.1 Breast16.8.2 Pulmonary16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes
17.1.1 Analgesics
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen 17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1)
17.1.2.1 Ethanol
17.1.2.2 Glycol
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3)
17.1.1.4 Salicylates17.1.2.4 Methanol 17.1.3 Anesthetics 17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6) 17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics 17.1.6 Anticonvulsants 17.1.7 Antidepressants 17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs 17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics 17.1.10 Antipsychotics 17.1.11 Bronchodilators 17.1.12 Carbon monoxide 17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics 17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers 17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3)17.1.14.1 Acid
17.1.14.2 Alkali 17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5) 17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide 17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2)17.1.18 Hazardous materials 17.1.19 Heavy metals 17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides 17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals 17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids17.1.23 Hydrocarbons 17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin 17.1.25 Inhaled toxins 17.1.26 Iron 17.1.27 Isoniazid 17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3) 17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3) 17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants 17.1.31 Neuroleptics 17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs 17.1.33 Organophosphates 17.1.34 Recreational drugs 17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4) 17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5) 17.1.37 Strychnine 17.1.38 Lithium 17.1.39 Nutritional supplements 17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents 17.1.41 Antibiotics17.1.42 Antiretrovirals18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm 18.1 Trauma18.1.1 Abdominal trauma18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus
18.1.1.3 Penetrating
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum
18.1.1.5 Solid organ
18.1.1.6 Vascular 18.1.2 Chest trauma 18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption18.1.2.2 Contusion
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary18.1.2.3 Fracture
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest18.1.2.3.3 Sternum18.1.2.4 Hemothorax
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1)
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6)18.1.2.7.1 Simple
18.1.2.7.2 Tension 18.1.2.7.3 Open 18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries
18.1.3.1 Avulsions 18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1)
18.1.3.3 Burns
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3)
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2)
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal18.1.3.4 Lacerations 18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds18.1.4 Facial fractures 18.1.5.1 Bladder
18.1.5.2 External genitalia 18.1.4.1 Dental18.1.4.2 Le Fort
18.1.4.3 Mandibular18.1.4.4 Orbital18.1.4.5 Nasal
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma18.1.5.1 Bladder18.1.5.2 External Genitalia18.1.5.3 Renal18.1.5.4 Ureteral18.1.5.5 Urethral18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury 18.1.6 Head trauma18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions 18.1.6.3 Skull fractures 18.1.7 Injuries of the spine18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 18.1.7.2 Fractures 18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains 18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations 18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed) 18.1.9 Neck trauma18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein 18.1.9.4 Strangulation
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4)18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2)18.1.10.2.1 Acid 18.1.10.2.2 Alkali
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8)18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2)18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4)18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3)
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma 18.1.11 Otologic trauma18.1.11.1 Hematoma 18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7) 18.1.12 Pediatric fractures18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal 18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification 18.1.12.2 Greenstick18.1.12.3 Torus18.1.13 Pelvic fracture18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation 18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma
18.1.14.6 Periarticular
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1)18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) 18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1)18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2) 18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2)
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4) 18.3 Multi-system Trauma
18.3.1 Blast injury19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE19.1 Airway Techniques
19.1.1 Intubation19.1.2 Airway adjuncts19.1.3 Surgical airway19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring19.2 Resuscitation19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion19.2.7 Central venous access19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion19.2.9 Defibrillation19.2.10 Thoracotomy19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management19.3.1 Local anesthesia19.3.2 Regional nerve block19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube19.4.1.6 Paracentesis19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing19.4.2.2 Cardioversion19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy19.4.3 Cutaneous19.4.3.1 Escharotomy19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques
19.4.3.5 Wound management19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination
19.4.4.6 Tonometry
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4)
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma19.4.5 Systemic infectious19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques)
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management19.4.6 Musculoskeletal
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy19.4.7 Nervous system
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2)19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination19.4.9 Psychobehavioral19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint19.4.10 Renal and urogenital19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion19.4.11 Toxicologic19.4.11.1 Decontamination19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
19.5.1 Foreign body removal19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material
19.5.3 Ultrasound19.5.3.1 Diagnostic
19.5.3.2 Procedural20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills
0.1.1 Interpersonal skills20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care
20.1.2 Communication skills20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery
20.1.2.2 Conflict management
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback
20.2.1.6 Research20.2.2 Practice guidelines20.2.3 Education20.2.3.1 Patient and family20.2.3.2 Provider20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement20.3 Professionalism
20.3.1 Advocacy20.3.1.1 Patient20.3.1.2 Professional
20.3.2 Ethical principles20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics20.3.3 Leadership and management principles20.3.4 Well-being20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out)20.4 Systems-based Practice
20.4.1 Clinical informatics20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record
20.4.1.4 Health information integration20.4.2 ED Administration20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units20.4.2.3 Financial principles20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues20.4.2.4 Human resource management20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation20.4.3 ED operations20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED20.4.4 Health care coordination20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives 20.4.4.2 Placement options20.4.4.3 Outpatient services20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal
20.4.5.1 Accreditation20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics20.4.6 Risk management20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery
20.4.7.1 Public policy20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

2016-01-26T20:03:32Z

Emwiki: Created page with "1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS 1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology 1.1.1 Hypothermia 1.1.2 Fever 1.1.3 Bradycardia 1.1.4 Tachycardia 1.1.5 Apnea 1.1.6 Tachypnea 1...."

1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS
1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology
1.1.1 Hypothermia
1.1.2 Fever
1.1.3 Bradycardia
1.1.4 Tachycardia
1.1.5 Apnea
1.1.6 Tachypnea
1.1.7 Hypoxia
1.1.8 Hypotension
1.1.9 Hypertension
1.2 Pain
1.2.1 Pain (unspecified)
1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3)
1.2.3 Eye pain
1.2.4 Chest pain
1.2.5 Abdominal pain
1.2.6 Pelvic pain
1.2.7 Back pain
1.3 General
1.3.1 Altered mental status
1.3.2 Anuria
1.3.3 Anxiety
1.3.4 Ascites
1.3.5 Ataxia
1.3.6 Auditory disturbances
1.3.7 Bleeding
1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea
1.3.9 Constipation
1.3.10 Cough
1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness
1.3.12 Cyanosis
1.3.13 Dehydration
1.3.14 Diarrhea
1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea
1.3.16 Dysphagia
1.3.17 Dysuria
1.3.18 Edema
1.3.19 Failure to thrive
1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise
1.3.21 Feeding problems
1.3.22 Hematemesis
1.3.23 Hematuria
1.3.24 Hemoptysis
1.3.25 Hiccup
1.3.26 Jaundice
1.3.27 Joint swelling
1.3.28 Lethargy
1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness
1.3.30 Limp
1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy
1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications
1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting
1.3.34 Occupational exposure
1.3.35 Palpitations
1.3.36 Paralysis
1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia
1.3.38 Poisoning
1.3.39 Pruritus
1.3.40 Rash
1.3.41 Rectal bleeding
1.3.42 Shock
1.3.43 Shortness of breath
1.3.44 Sore throat
1.3.45 Stridor
1.3.46 Syncope
1.3.47 Tinnitus
1.3.48 Tremor
1.3.49 Urinary incontinence
1.3.50 Urinary retention
1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding
1.3.52 Vaginal discharge
1.3.53 Vertigo
1.3.54 Visual disturbances
1.3.55 Weakness
1.3.56 Wheezing
2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
2.1 Abdominal Wall
2.1.1 Hernias
2.2 Esophagus
2.2.1 Infectious disorders
2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7)
2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis
2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.2.2.1 Esophagitis
2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14)
2.2.2.3.1 Acid
2.2.2.3.2 Alkali
2.2.3 Motor abnormalities
2.2.3.1 Spasms
2.2.4 Structural disorders
2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome
2.2.4.2 Diverticula
2.2.4.3 Foreign body
2.2.4.4 Hernias
2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome
2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis
2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula
2.2.4.8 Varices
2.2.5 Tumors
2.3 Liver
2.3.1 Cirrhosis
2.3.1.1 Alcoholic
2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive
2.3.1.3 Drug-induced
2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure
2.3.3 Infectious disorders
2.3.3.1 Abscess
2.3.3.2 Hepatitis
2.3.3.2.1 Acute
2.3.3.2.2 Chronic
2.3.4 Tumors
2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract
2.4.1 Cholangitis
2.4.2 Cholecystitis
2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis
2.4.4 Tumors
2.5 Pancreas
2.5.1 Pancreatitis
2.5.2 Tumors
2.6 Peritoneum
2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2.7 Stomach
2.7.1 Infectious disorders
2.7.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.7.2.1 Gastritis
2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease
2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage
2.7.3.2 Perforation
2.7.4 Structural disorders
2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
2.7.4.2 Foreign body
2.7.5 Tumors
2.8 Small Bowel
2.8.1 Infectious disorders
2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities
2.8.3.1 Obstruction
2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus
2.8.4 Structural disorders
2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula
2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies
2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption
2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum
2.8.5 Tumors
2.8.6 Vascular insufficiency
2.9 Large Bowel
2.9.1 Infectious disorders
2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated
2.9.1.2 Bacterial
2.9.1.3 Parasitic
2.9.1.4 Viral
2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.9.2.1 Appendicitis
2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis
2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis
2.9.3 Motor abnormalities
2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease
2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel
2.9.3.3 Obstruction
2.9.4 Structural disorders
2.9.4.1 Congenital anomalies
2.9.4.2 Diverticula
2.9.4.3 Intussusception
2.9.4.4 Volvulus
2.9.5 Tumors
2.10 Rectum and Anus
2.10.1 Infectious disorders
2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess
2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess
2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess
2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders
2.10.2.1 Proctitis
2.10.3 Structural disorders
2.10.3.1 Anal fissure
2.10.3.2 Anal fistula
2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies
2.10.3.4 Foreign body
2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids
2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse
2.10.4 Tumors
2.11 Spleen
2.11.1 Asplenism
2.11.2 Splenomegaly
2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction
3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest
3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity
3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
3.3 Disorders of Circulation
3.3.1 Arterial
3.3.1.1 Aneurysm
3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection
3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism
3.3.2 Venous
3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2)
3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm
3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias
3.4.1.1 Ventricular
3.4.1.2 Supraventricular
3.4.2 Conduction disorders
3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired
3.5.1 Cardiac failure
3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale
3.5.1.2 High output
3.5.1.3 Low output
3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy
3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic
3.5.3 Congestive heart failure
3.5.4 Coronary syndromes
3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease
3.5.6 Myocardial infarction
3.5.7 Myocarditis
3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm
3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium
3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6)
3.6.2 Pericarditis
3.7 Endocarditis
3.8 Hypertension
3.9 Tumors
3.10 Valvular Disorders
4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS
4.1 Cancers of the Skin
4.1.1 Basal cell
4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma
4.1.3 Melanoma
4.1.4 Squamous cell
4.2 Ulcerative Lesions
4.2.1 Decubitus
4.2.2 Venous stasis
4.3 Dermatitis
4.3.1 Atopic
4.3.2 Contact
4.3.3 Eczema
4.3.4 Psoriasis
4.3.5 Seborrhea
4.4 Infections
4.4.1 Bacterial
4.4.1.1 Abscess
4.4.1.2 Cellulitis
4.4.1.3 Erysipelas
4.4.1.4 Impetigo
4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection
4.4.2 Fungal
4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7)
4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes
4.4.3 Ectoparasites
4.4.4 Viral
4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers
4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9)
4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1)
4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5)
4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2)
4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum
4.5 Maculopapular Lesions
4.5.1 Erythema multiforme
4.5.2 Erythema nodosum
4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea
4.5.5 Purpura
4.5.6 Urticaria
4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions
4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma
4.6.2 Lipoma
4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst
4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions
4.7.1 Pemphigus
4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis
4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid
5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS
5.1.1.1 Acidosis
5.1 Acid-base Disturbances
5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory
5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency
5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
5.3.1 Calcium metabolism
5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion
5.1.1.2 Alkalosis
5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder
5.2 Adrenal Disease
5.2.2 Cushing’s syndrome
5.3.3 Potassium metabolism
5.3.4 Sodium metabolism
5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism
5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism
5.4 Glucose Metabolism
5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus
5.4.1.1 Type I 5.4.1.2 Type II
5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism
5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia
5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia
5.5 Nutritional Disorders
5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies
5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
5.5.3 Malabsorption
5.6 Parathyroid Disease
5.7 Pituitary Disorders
5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism
5.8 Thyroid Disorders
5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism
5.8.2 Hypothyroidism
5.8.3 Thyroiditis
5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands
5.9.1 Adrenal
5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma
5.9.2 Pituitary
5.9.3 Thyroid
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2)
6.1.1 Arthropods
6.1.1.1 Insects
6.1.1.2 Arachnida
6.1.2 Mammals
6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28)
6.1.4 Reptiles
6.2 Dysbarism
6.2.1 Air embolism
6.2.2 Barotrauma
6.2.3 Decompression syndrome
6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1)
6.3.1 Lightning
6.4 High-altitude Illness
6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness
6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent
6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema
6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema
6.5 Submersion Incidents
6.5.1 Cold water immersion
6.5.2 Near drowning
6.6 Temperature-related Illness
6.6.1 Heat
6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion
6.6.1.2 Heat stroke
6.6.2 Cold
6.6.2.1 Frostbite
6.6.2.2 Hypothermia
6.7 Radiation Emergencies
7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS
7.1 Ear
7.1.1 Foreign body
7.1.2 Labyrinthitis
7.1.3 Mastoiditis
7.1.4 Ménière’s disease
7.1.5 Otitis externa
7.1.5.1 Infective
7.1.5.1.1
7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen
7.1.6 Otitis media
7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2)
7.1.8 Perichondritis
7.2 Eye
7.2.1 External eye
7.2.1.1 Blepharitis
7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2)
7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis
7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1)
7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis
7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system
7.2.1.7 Foreign body
7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids
7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion
7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum
7.2.1.9 Keratitis
7.2.2 Anterior pole
7.2.2.1 Glaucoma
7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5)
7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9)
7.2.2.4 Hypopyon
7.2.3 Posterior pole
7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis
7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis
7.2.3.3 Papilledema
7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8)
7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion
7.2.4 Orbit
7.2.4.1 Cellulitis
7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal
7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal
7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis
7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis
7.4 Nose
7.4.1 Epistaxis
7.4.2 Foreign body
7.4.3 Rhinitis
7.4.4 Sinusitis
7.5 Oropharynx/Throat
7.5.1 Dentalgia
7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue
7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina
7.5.2.2 Stomatitis
7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands
7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis
7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis
7.5.4 Foreign body
7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders
7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis Larynx/Trachea
7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea
7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2)
7.5.6.2 Laryngitis
7.5.6.3 Tracheitis
7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1)
7.5.8 Dental abscess
7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess
7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess
7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders
7.6 Tumors
8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
8.1 Blood Transfusion
8.1.1 Complications
8.2 Hemostatic Disorders
8.2.1 Coagulation defects
8.2.1.1 Acquired
8.2.1.2 Hemophilias
8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation
8.2.3 Platelet disorders
8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia
8.3 Lymphomas
8.4 Pancytopenia
8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders
8.5.1 Anemias
8.5.1.1 Aplastic
8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies
8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease
8.5.1.3 Hemolytic
8.5.1.4 Hypochromic
8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency
8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic
8.5.2 Polycythemia
8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29)
8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders
8.6.1 Leukemia
8.6.2 Multiple myeloma
8.6.3 Leukopenia
9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease
9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease
9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome
9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3)
9.1.4 Scleroderma
9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus
9.1.6 Vasculitis
9.2 Hypersensitivity
9.2.1 Allergic reaction
9.2.2 Anaphylaxis
9.2.3 Angioedema
9.2.4 Drug allergies
9.3 Transplant-related Problems
9.3.1 Immunosuppression
9.3.2 Rejection
9.4 Immune Complex Disorders
9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome
9.4.2 Rheumatic fever
9.4.3 Sarcoidosis
9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1)
10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
10.1 Bacterial
10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning
10.1.1.1 Botulism
10.1.2 Chlamydia
10.1.3 Gonococcus
10.1.4 Meningococcus
10.1.5 Mycobacterium
10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria
10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis
10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases
10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3)
10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia
10.1.7.1 Shock
10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome
10.1.8 Spirochetes
10.1.8.1 Syphilis
10.1.9 Tetanus
10.2 Biological Warfare Agents
10.3 Fungal Infections
10.4 Protozoan/Parasites
10.4.1 Malaria
10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis
10.5 Tick-Borne
10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis
10.5.2 Lyme disease
10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever
10.6 Viral
10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis
10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza
10.6.3 Hantavirus
10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1)
10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4)
10.6.6 HIV/AIDS
10.6.7 Rabies
10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2)
10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2)
10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance
11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)
11.1 Bony Abnormalities
11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis
11.1.2 Osteomyelitis
11.1.3 Tumors
11.2 Disorders of the Spine
11.2.1 Disc disorders
11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies
11.2.3 Low back pain
11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1)
11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis
11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains
11.3 Joint Abnormalities
11.3.1 Arthritis
11.3.1.1 Septic
11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies
11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3)
11.3.1.4 Juvenile
11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis
11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip
11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
11.4 Muscle Abnormalities
11.4.1 Myositis
11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis
11.5 Overuse Syndromes
11.5.1 Bursitis
11.5.2 Muscle strains
11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome
11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome
11.5.4 Tendonitis
11.6 Soft Tissue Infections
11.6.1 Fasciitis
11.6.2 Felon
11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1)
11.6.4 Paronychia
11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis
12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders
12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy)
12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia
12.2 Demyelinating Disorders
12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis
12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2)
12.3.1 Tension
12.3.2 Vascular
12.3.3 Cluster
12.4 Hydrocephalus
12.4.1 Normal pressure
12.4.2 VP shunt
12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders
12.5.1 Encephalitis
12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess
12.5.3 Meningitis
12.5.3.1 Bacterial
12.5.3.2 Viral
12.5.4 Myelitis
12.5.5 Neuritis
12.6 Movement Disorders
12.6.1 Dystonic reaction
12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform
12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia
12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders
12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome
12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis
12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy
12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain
12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3)
12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease
12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri
12.9 Seizure Disorders
12.9.1 Febrile
12.9.2 Neonatal
12.9.3 Status epilepticus
12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive
12.10 Spinal Cord Compression
12.11 Stroke
12.11.1 Hemorrhagic
12.11.1.1 Intracerebral
12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid
12.11.2 Ischemic
12.11.2.1 Embolic
12.11.2.2 Thrombotic
12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia
12.13 Tumors
13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
13.1 Female Genital Tract
13.1.1 Cervix
13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis
13.1.1.2 Tumors
13.1.2 Infectious disorders
13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease
13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess
13.1.2.2 Urethritis
13.1.3 Lesions
13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4)
13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5)
13.1.4 Ovary
13.1.4.1 Cyst
13.1.4.2 Torsion
13.1.4.3 Tumors
13.1.5 Uterus
13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding
13.1.5.2 Endometriosis
13.1.5.3 Prolapse
13.1.5.4 Tumors
13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease
13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma
13.1.6 V agina and vulva
13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst
13.1.6.2 Foreign body
13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis
13.2 Normal Pregnancy
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy
13.3.1 Abortion
13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy
13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum
13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1)
13.3.4.2 Placenta previa
13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum
13.3.6 Gestational hypertension
13.3.6.1 Eclampsia
13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia
13.3.7 Infections
13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization
13.3.9 First trimester bleeding
13.3.10 Gestational diabetes
13.4 High-risk Pregnancy
13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies
13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery
13.6 Complications of Labor
13.6.1 Fetal distress
13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3)
13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes
13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4)
13.7 Complications of Delivery
13.7.1 Malposition of fetus
13.7.2 Nuchal cord
13.7.3 Prolapse of cord
13.8 Postpartum Complications
13.8.1 Endometritis
13.8.2 Hemorrhage
13.8.3 Mastitis
13.8.4 Pituitary infarction
13.9 Contraception

14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
14.1 Addictive Behavior
14.1.1 Alcohol dependence
14.1.2 Drug dependence
14.1.3 Eating disorders
14.1.4 Substance abuse
14.1.5 Tobacco dependence
14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders
14.2.1 Acute psychosis
14.2.2 Bipolar disorder
14.2.3 Depression
14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk
14.2.4 Grief reaction
14.2.5 Schizophrenia
14.3 Factitious Disorders
14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior
14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy
14.4 Neurotic Disorders
14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic
14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive
14.4.3 Phobic
14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress
14.5 Organic Psychoses
14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions
14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses
14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses
14.5.2 Delirium
14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1)
14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal
14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2)
14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17)
14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3)
14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35)
14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15)
14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4)
14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect
14.6.1 Interpersonal violence
14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder
14.6.2 Homicidal Risk
14.6.3 Sexual assault
14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety
14.7 Personality Disorders
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders
14.8.1 Hypochondriasis
14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion
15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS
15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis
15.3 Glomerular Disorders
15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4)
15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome
15.4 Infection
15.4.1 Cystitis
15.4.2 Pyelonephritis
15.5 Male Genital Tract
15.5.1 Genital lesions
15.5.2 Hernias
15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection
15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis
15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis
15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene)
15.5.3.4 Prostatitis
15.5.3.5 Urethritis
15.5.4 Structural
15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis
15.5.4.2 Priapism
15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
15.5.4.4 Torsion
15.5.5 Testicular masses
15.5.6 Tumors
15.5.6.1 Prostate
15.5.6.2 Testis
15.6 Nephritis
15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome
15.7 Structural Disorders
15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract
15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy
15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease
15.8 Tumors
16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders
16.1.1 Infections
16.1.1.1 Croup
16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications
16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall
16.2.1 Costochondritis
16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1)
16.1.2 Obstruction
16.2.2 Mediastinitis
16.2.3 Pleural effusion
16.2.4 Pleuritis
16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum
16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7)
16.2.6.1 Simple
16.2.6.2 Tension
16.2.6.3 Open
16.2.7 Empyema
16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease
16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease
16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis
16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis
16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure
16.4.7 Foreign body
16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults
16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis
16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2)
16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct
16.6.1 Septic emboli
16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1)
16.6.3 Fat emboli
16.7 Pulmonary Infections 16.7.1 Lung abscess
16.7.2 Pneumonia
16.7.2.1 Aspiration
16.7.2.2 Community-acquired
16.7.2.3 Health care-associated
16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis
16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
16.7.5 Pertussis
16.8 Tumors
16.8.1 Breast
16.8.2 Pulmonary
16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension
17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS
17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes
17.1.1 Analgesics
17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen
17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1)
17.1.2.1 Ethanol
17.1.2.2 Glycol
17.1.2.3 Isopropyl
17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)
17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3)
17.1.1.4 Salicylates
17.1.2.4 Methanol
17.1.3 Anesthetics
17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6)
17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics
17.1.6 Anticonvulsants
17.1.7 Antidepressants
17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs
17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics
17.1.10 Antipsychotics
17.1.11 Bronchodilators
17.1.12 Carbon monoxide
17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs
17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics
17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis
17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives
17.1.13.3 Beta blockers
17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers
17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3)
17.1.14.1 Acid
17.1.14.2 Alkali
17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5)
17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide
17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2)
17.1.18 Hazardous materials
17.1.19 Heavy metals
17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides
17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals
17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids
17.1.23 Hydrocarbons
17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin
17.1.25 Inhaled toxins
17.1.26 Iron
17.1.27 Isoniazid
17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3)
17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3)
17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants
17.1.31 Neuroleptics
17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs
17.1.33 Organophosphates
17.1.34 Recreational drugs
17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4)
17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5)
17.1.37 Strychnine
17.1.38 Lithium
17.1.39 Nutritional supplements
17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents
17.1.41 Antibiotics
17.1.42 Antiretrovirals
18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS
18.1.1.1 Diaphragm
18.1 Trauma
18.1.1 Abdominal trauma
18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus
18.1.1.3 Penetrating
18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum
18.1.1.5 Solid organ
18.1.1.6 Vascular
18.1.2 Chest trauma
18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption
18.1.2.2 Contusion
18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac
18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary
18.1.2.3 Fracture
18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle
18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest
18.1.2.3.3 Sternum
18.1.2.4 Hemothorax
18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma
18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1)
18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6)
18.1.2.7.1 Simple
18.1.2.7.2 Tension
18.1.2.7.3 Open
18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries
18.1.3.1 Avulsions
18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1)
18.1.3.3 Burns
18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3)
18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2)
18.1.3.3.3 Thermal
18.1.3.4 Lacerations
18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds
18.1.4 Facial fractures
18.1.5.1 Bladder
18.1.5.2 External genitalia
18.1.4.1 Dental
18.1.4.2 Le Fort
18.1.4.3 Mandibular
18.1.4.4 Orbital
18.1.4.5 Nasal
18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma
18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch
18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma
18.1.5.1 Bladder
18.1.5.2 External Genitalia
18.1.5.3 Renal
18.1.5.4 Ureteral
18.1.5.5 Urethral
18.1.6.1 Intracranial injury
18.1.6 Head trauma
18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions
18.1.6.3 Skull fractures
18.1.7 Injuries of the spine
18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
18.1.7.2 Fractures
18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains
18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma
18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed)
18.1.9 Neck trauma
18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries
18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma
18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries
18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery
18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein
18.1.9.4 Strangulation
18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma
18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4)
18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2)
18.1.10.2.1 Acid
18.1.10.2.2 Alkali
18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet
18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations
18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8)
18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2)
18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries
18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries
18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4)
18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3)
18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma
18.1.11 Otologic trauma
18.1.11.1 Hematoma
18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7)
18.1.12 Pediatric fractures
18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal
18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification
18.1.12.2 Greenstick
18.1.12.3 Torus
18.1.13 Pelvic fracture
18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries
18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation
18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes
18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection
18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints
18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma
18.1.14.6 Periarticular
18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains
18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries
18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections
18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures
18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon
18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon
18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries
18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma
18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1)
18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots
18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury
18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury
18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA)
18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy
18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1)
18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2)
18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2)
18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4)
18.3 Multi-system Trauma
18.3.1 Blast injury
19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
19.1 Airway Techniques
19.1.1 Intubation
19.1.2 Airway adjuncts
19.1.3 Surgical airway
19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation
19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management
19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring
19.2 Resuscitation
19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation
19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation
19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care
19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy
19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion
19.2.7 Central venous access
19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion
19.2.9 Defibrillation
19.2.10 Thoracotomy
19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
19.3.1 Local anesthesia
19.3.2 Regional nerve block
19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia
19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal
19.4.1.1 Anoscopy
19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid
19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage
19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement
19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube
19.4.1.6 Paracentesis
19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic
19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing
19.4.2.2 Cardioversion
19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation
19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis
19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis
19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy
19.4.3 Cutaneous
19.4.3.1 Escharotomy
19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage
19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails
19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques
19.4.3.5 Wound management
19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat
19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis
19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess
19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy
19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy
19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination
19.4.4.6 Tonometry
19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization
19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4)
19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma
19.4.5 Systemic infectious
19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques)
19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management
19.4.6 Musculoskeletal
19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis
19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement
19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques
19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques
19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques
19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy
19.4.7 Nervous system
19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture
19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology
19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn
19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2)
19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination
19.4.9 Psychobehavioral
19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination
19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint
19.4.10 Renal and urogenital
19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization
19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter
19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter
19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram
19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion
19.4.11 Toxicologic
19.4.11.1 Decontamination
19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
19.5.1 Foreign body removal
19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material
19.5.3 Ultrasound
19.5.3.1 Diagnostic
19.5.3.2 Procedural
20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills
0.1.1 Interpersonal skills
20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations
20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills
20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care
20.1.2 Communication skills
20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery
20.1.2.2 Conflict management
20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management
20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news
20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient
20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills
20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement
20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning
20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine
20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature
20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation
20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors
20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback
20.2.1.6 Research
20.2.2 Practice guidelines
20.2.3 Education
20.2.3.1 Patient and family
20.2.3.2 Provider
20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement
20.3 Professionalism
20.3.1 Advocacy
20.3.1.1 Patient
20.3.1.2 Professional
20.3.2 Ethical principles
20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest
20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness
20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media
20.3.2.4 Medical ethics
20.3.3 Leadership and management principles
20.3.4 Well-being
20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment
20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills
20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance
20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out)
20.4 Systems-based Practice
20.4.1 Clinical informatics
20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry
20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support
20.4.1.3 Electronic health record
20.4.1.4 Health information integration
20.4.2 ED Administration
20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models
20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput
20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification
20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion
20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units
20.4.2.3 Financial principles
20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding
20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization
20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues
20.4.2.4 Human resource management
20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals
20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation
20.4.3 ED operations
20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures
20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics
20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED
20.4.4 Health care coordination
20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives
20.4.4.2 Placement options
20.4.4.3 Outpatient services
20.4.5 Regulatory/Legal
20.4.5.1 Accreditation
20.4.5.2 Compliance and reporting requirements
20.4.5.3 Confidentiality and HIPAA
20.4.5.4 Consent, capacity, and refusal of care
20.4.5.5 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
20.4.5.6 External quality metrics
20.4.6 Risk management
20.4.6.1 Liability and litigation
20.4.6.2 Professional liability insurance
20.4.6.3 Risk mitigation
20.4.7 Evolving trends in health care delivery
20.4.7.1 Public policy
20.4.8 Regionalization of emergency care

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2016-01-22T15:56:05Z

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